Sunday, 27 May 2018
Sunday, 20 May 2018
why to do stretching
In any kind of exercise/sport, stretching is one of the first things to be implemented in the training program. It is considered one of the fundamental requirements, which must be acquired before getting involved with more sport- specific work. Even more, mobility work has become so important that every sport has adopted its own specific stretching regime
Since injuries place a person "out of practice" for a considerable amount of time, they indirectly influence performance. Therefore, the lower the risk of injury, the better the ultimate performance will be. Several studies have found a significant relationship between stretching and injury prevention.
Benefits of Stretching:
Stretching increases flexibility. Flexible muscles can improve daily performance. Tasks such as lifting packages, bending to tie shoelaces or hurrying to catch a bus become easier and less tiring.
Stretching improves range of motion of joints and improves posture. Good range of motion keeps an individual in better balance and less prone to falls and the related injuries especially as the age progresses.
Stretching improves circulation. Stretching increases blood flow to the muscles. Improved circulation can speed recovery after muscle injuries.
Stretching can relieve stress. Stretching relaxes the tense muscles that often accompany stress.
Stretching before and after exercise allows the body to gently pull on all the muscles that will be used, or have been used, decreasing the chance of tearing and injury. When a muscle tears that is when an injury happens. If a person jumps right into an exercise routine without stretching first a tear is one of the worst things that can happen the most common pain to happen is stiffness. Stretching before and after reduces the stiffness that occurs with exercise. If a person gets too stiff they are likely to not continue with the exercise and it will affect their overall fitness.
Stretching after an exercise routine allows the muscles to expand and relax over the tense parts of the body.
Stretching before and after a typical exercise routine will help your body and be so important to fitness. Stretching unblocks twisted nerves, it allows the nerve and the muscle to better connect, it helps to correctly position muscle fibers and it is a great strength builder.
full body stretching video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0KlszhHvrY&t=268s
It is 100 X greater to build a gym then building a Temple.
Since injuries place a person "out of practice" for a considerable amount of time, they indirectly influence performance. Therefore, the lower the risk of injury, the better the ultimate performance will be. Several studies have found a significant relationship between stretching and injury prevention.
Benefits of Stretching:
Stretching increases flexibility. Flexible muscles can improve daily performance. Tasks such as lifting packages, bending to tie shoelaces or hurrying to catch a bus become easier and less tiring.
Stretching improves range of motion of joints and improves posture. Good range of motion keeps an individual in better balance and less prone to falls and the related injuries especially as the age progresses.
Stretching can relieve stress. Stretching relaxes the tense muscles that often accompany stress.
Stretching before and after exercise allows the body to gently pull on all the muscles that will be used, or have been used, decreasing the chance of tearing and injury. When a muscle tears that is when an injury happens. If a person jumps right into an exercise routine without stretching first a tear is one of the worst things that can happen the most common pain to happen is stiffness. Stretching before and after reduces the stiffness that occurs with exercise. If a person gets too stiff they are likely to not continue with the exercise and it will affect their overall fitness.
Stretching after an exercise routine allows the muscles to expand and relax over the tense parts of the body.
Stretching before and after a typical exercise routine will help your body and be so important to fitness. Stretching unblocks twisted nerves, it allows the nerve and the muscle to better connect, it helps to correctly position muscle fibers and it is a great strength builder.
full body stretching video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0KlszhHvrY&t=268s
It is 100 X greater to build a gym then building a Temple.
Monday, 7 May 2018
Why bodybuilders needs vitamin c more than normal person?
Why bodybuilders need vitamin c more than a normal person?
Intense Exercise creates free radicals which cause cell-damaging resulting in oxidative stress. Intense Exercise causes elevated aerobic metabolism, which in turn increases the production of killer molecules known as free radicals.
Intense Exercise creates free radicals which cause cell-damaging resulting in oxidative stress. Intense Exercise causes elevated aerobic metabolism, which in turn increases the production of killer molecules known as free radicals.
A free radical is a molecule that’s missing at least one electron in its outermost orbit, which causes it to be negatively charged. Like most things in nature, free radicals seek to remain neutral, and in an effort to achieve this balance they bump up against healthy cells in your body and steal electrons from them.Unfortunately, the process doesn’t stop after damaging the first cell. This newly damaged molecule is now missing an electron and becomes a free radical. Each free radical that is created zaps electrons from healthy molecules to form new free radicals, thus creating a chain reaction that damages thousands of cells along its path.
Free radical damage has become more prevalent in our society as witnessed by the increase in cancer victims in recent years. Environmental pollutants like smog, cigarette smoke and car exhaust all contain free radical molecules, and as our exposure to these increase so does our chances of degenerative diseases. Worse yet, research shows that mental stress is one of the highest causes of free radicals.
The good news is that under normal conditions your body has the inherent ability to defend against free radicals by producing three substances; glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. These substances are known as antioxidants, which work as free radical scavengers, seeking out free radicals and donating the electrons needed to neutralize them, thereby quenching their need to search out and destroy healthy cells. The problem occurs when free radical production exceeds the body’s ability to produce antioxidants. This can happen during intense exercise when athletes can use from 10 to 20 times the amount of oxygen than that of a sedentary person. During exercise, the conversion of fat and sugar into energy occurs through a process known as oxidation. During this process, most of the oxygen combines with hydrogen to produce water. However, about 5% of the oxygen forms free radicals. Imagine that, every time you breathe, free radicals are formed. This process of oxidation is similar to what you see when metal rusts or an apple slice turns brown from exposure to air. Once again, your body can defend against normal levels of free radicals, but if you exercise intensely, live in a polluted area, or have a stressful life, as most of you and your students do, then supplementing your diet with antioxidants may be of great value.
A well-balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables is important and will help, but alone it’s just not enough. take antioxidants supplements like a multivitamin, vitamin C & E.
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Saturday, 5 May 2018
vitamin C
Vitamin c is the most essential micronutrient available in food sources due to its various amazing functions performed inside the human body.
what is vitamin C?
Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid & L ascorbic acid and it is found in food sources. Vitamin C is required daily by human body because it is a water-soluble vitamin.
Functions & benefits of Vitamin C:-
1. Vitamin C forms collagen
Vitamin C is required for the formation of collagen (a type of protein), which helps to maintain skin, teeth, gums, tendons & ligaments.
2. Vitamin C aids to healing wounds quicker.
3. Vitamin C is required to form neurotransmitters i.e dopamine in the brain.
what is vitamin C?
Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid & L ascorbic acid and it is found in food sources. Vitamin C is required daily by human body because it is a water-soluble vitamin.
Functions & benefits of Vitamin C:-
1. Vitamin C forms collagen
Vitamin C is required for the formation of collagen (a type of protein), which helps to maintain skin, teeth, gums, tendons & ligaments.
2. Vitamin C aids to healing wounds quicker.
3. Vitamin C is required to form neurotransmitters i.e dopamine in the brain.
4. Vitamin C acts as a powerful antioxidant which reduces the damage of cells due to free radicals, Vitamin C improves the immune system, repair tissues & it also reduces the damage to the body from toxic substances and chemical.
5. Vitamin C aids in the absorption of Iron.
Symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency
5. Vitamin C aids in the absorption of Iron.
Symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency
1. Prone to infections
2. Slower healing of wounds.
3. Dental & gum problem.
2. Slower healing of wounds.
3. Dental & gum problem.
4. Fatigue
5. Loss of appetite.
5. Loss of appetite.
6. Dry skin.
7. Painful joints.
8. Anemia
9. Slower metabolism.
10. Scarvy disease.
Sources of vitamin C are:-
1. Capsicum(red, green & yellow)
2.Citrus fruits (lemon, orange, grapefruit etc)
3. Fruits (papaya, pineapple, strawberries, blueberries etc )
4. Vegetables (broccali, spinach , tomato etc)
Dosage:-
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) gives the value of daily intake of Vitamin C for adults are:-
male :- 90 mg per day
female :- 75 mg per day
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7. Painful joints.
8. Anemia
9. Slower metabolism.
10. Scarvy disease.
Sources of vitamin C are:-
1. Capsicum(red, green & yellow)
2.Citrus fruits (lemon, orange, grapefruit etc)
3. Fruits (papaya, pineapple, strawberries, blueberries etc )
4. Vegetables (broccali, spinach , tomato etc)
Dosage:-
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) gives the value of daily intake of Vitamin C for adults are:-
male :- 90 mg per day
female :- 75 mg per day
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Saturday, 28 April 2018
Diet for TB(Tuberculosis)
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs a cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.
TB can only be cured by proper medication but strengthening the immune system can give a quick recovery and also protect the disease from returning back.
FOOD TO EAT IN TB
1.Garlic
Garlic is rich in sulphuric acid that destroys the germ causing TB. It also contains allicin, ajoene, and selenium which have found to inhibits bacterial growth.It’s antibacterial properties and immune boosting effects are highly beneficial for a TB patient.
2. proteins
Eggs are the great source of protein which contains all the essential amino acid profile needed by the body.
3. ANTIOXIDANT RICH FOODS
Eat fruits as Fruits has antioxidants properties which reduce free radicals when there are too many free radicals the body is said to be in a state of oxidative stress which can damage cells, immune system and increases the risk of diseases.
Banana
Banana is an excellent source of calcium and potassium that can boost a TB patients immune system.They also help alleviate a cough and fever. Take only a ripped banana for the most benefit.
Orange
Orange has a saline action in the lungs, which eases expectorations (split a cough from lungs and throat) and protect the body form secondary infections.(you can take 200 ml fresh orange juice for more benefits )
papaya
Papaya contains effective enzymes like amylase, the protease which aids in effective absorption & digestion of carbs & protein.
Coconut water
Coconut water is the great beverage for TB patients due to its antioxidant properties and it also contains a great balance of electrolytes needed for the body such as magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, vitamin c.
4. vitamin B COMPLEX
Cereals
Cereals are easy digesting foods which are rich in protein and complex carbohydrates which imparts energy for TB patient for longer duration’s.It also contains high fiber, iron, vitamin B complex etc
VITAMIN E
It acts as an antioxidant which destroys free radicals
Walnuts
Walnuts act as a source of strength and boost the immune system of those suffering from TB.The various nutrients in walnut can spread up the healing process from TB.
olive oil
Olive Oil Is Rich in Healthy Monounsaturated Fats. It Contains Large Amounts of Antioxidants and also Strong Anti-Inflammatory Properties.
5. Black pepper
Black pepper helps cleans the lungs, which in turn helps alleviate the pain associated with TB.Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it can reduce the inflammation caused by bacteria and constant coughing.
buy cereals here:- https://amzn.to/2JwFzGe
buy walnuts here:- https://amzn.to/2vTFGcU
TB can only be cured by proper medication but strengthening the immune system can give a quick recovery and also protect the disease from returning back.
FOOD TO EAT IN TB
1.Garlic
Garlic is rich in sulphuric acid that destroys the germ causing TB. It also contains allicin, ajoene, and selenium which have found to inhibits bacterial growth.It’s antibacterial properties and immune boosting effects are highly beneficial for a TB patient.
2. proteins
Eggs are the great source of protein which contains all the essential amino acid profile needed by the body.
3. ANTIOXIDANT RICH FOODS
Eat fruits as Fruits has antioxidants properties which reduce free radicals when there are too many free radicals the body is said to be in a state of oxidative stress which can damage cells, immune system and increases the risk of diseases.
Banana
Banana is an excellent source of calcium and potassium that can boost a TB patients immune system.They also help alleviate a cough and fever. Take only a ripped banana for the most benefit.
Orange
Orange has a saline action in the lungs, which eases expectorations (split a cough from lungs and throat) and protect the body form secondary infections.(you can take 200 ml fresh orange juice for more benefits )
papaya
Papaya contains effective enzymes like amylase, the protease which aids in effective absorption & digestion of carbs & protein.
Coconut water
Coconut water is the great beverage for TB patients due to its antioxidant properties and it also contains a great balance of electrolytes needed for the body such as magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, vitamin c.
4. vitamin B COMPLEX
Cereals
Cereals are easy digesting foods which are rich in protein and complex carbohydrates which imparts energy for TB patient for longer duration’s.It also contains high fiber, iron, vitamin B complex etc
VITAMIN E
It acts as an antioxidant which destroys free radicals
Walnuts
Walnuts act as a source of strength and boost the immune system of those suffering from TB.The various nutrients in walnut can spread up the healing process from TB.
olive oil
Olive Oil Is Rich in Healthy Monounsaturated Fats. It Contains Large Amounts of Antioxidants and also Strong Anti-Inflammatory Properties.
5. Black pepper
Black pepper helps cleans the lungs, which in turn helps alleviate the pain associated with TB.Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it can reduce the inflammation caused by bacteria and constant coughing.
buy cereals here:- https://amzn.to/2JwFzGe
buy walnuts here:- https://amzn.to/2vTFGcU
Monday, 23 April 2018
stored body fat
Stored body fats: a key element of unhealthy miners
Abstract
Stored body fat is an energy reservoir for humans but excess energy storage is imparting serious health issues by transforming the human body into danger zone resulting in various diseases i.e obesity, diabetes, high bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, kidney diseases, some types of cancers etc.
Methods: Coal miners (N=40) participated in a survey of body fat percentage test along with a set of the questionnaire (i.e daily diet, physical activities, medical problems, body parameters, schedule etc)
Results: The miners' nutrition intake, eating pattern, lifestyle, job stress & lack of understanding about their body behavior are the key factors responsible for their high stored body fat percentage.
conclusion:- The study finding conclude that majority of underground coal miners are suffering from bad health due to their negligence about their diet & lifestyle.Their increased stored body fat percentage is providing a clear picture of their health negligence & it must be drop down to eliminate the threatening diseases.The prevalence of store body fat and it’s effect among underground coal miners is substantial, indicating a need for health awareness in regard with diet and exercise is a must thing to do in order to make miners fit and healthy.
Introduction
Abstract
Stored body fat is an energy reservoir for humans but excess energy storage is imparting serious health issues by transforming the human body into danger zone resulting in various diseases i.e obesity, diabetes, high bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, kidney diseases, some types of cancers etc.
Methods: Coal miners (N=40) participated in a survey of body fat percentage test along with a set of the questionnaire (i.e daily diet, physical activities, medical problems, body parameters, schedule etc)
Results: The miners' nutrition intake, eating pattern, lifestyle, job stress & lack of understanding about their body behavior are the key factors responsible for their high stored body fat percentage.
conclusion:- The study finding conclude that majority of underground coal miners are suffering from bad health due to their negligence about their diet & lifestyle.Their increased stored body fat percentage is providing a clear picture of their health negligence & it must be drop down to eliminate the threatening diseases.The prevalence of store body fat and it’s effect among underground coal miners is substantial, indicating a need for health awareness in regard with diet and exercise is a must thing to do in order to make miners fit and healthy.
Introduction
The fat content of the human body has physiological and medical importance. It may influence morbidity and mortality, it may affect the ability to withstand exposure to cold and starvation, and it may alter the effectiveness of drugs and anaesthetics.[1] This fat resulting in obesity and Obesity has become one of the major health concerns of modern times. It is estimated that over 700 million people across the world are currently either overweight or obese [1] .The body fat percentage is the sum of Essential fat percentage (essential fat is necessary for normal, healthy functioning. It is stored in small amounts in your bone marrow, organs, central nervous system and muscles) and stored fat percentage(stored fat is the fat which is accumulate beneath our skin, in certain specific areas inside our body. It also includes the deep fat that protects our internal organs from injury).This stored fat is further classified as in a)brown fat which helps body to stay warm and found in the back and neck , it is a good type of bad. b) Beige fat, it is also a good fat to have as it convert white fat into brown fat through a process called browning. c) white subcutaneous fat ,it is a energy storing type of adipose tissue with low rate of metabolic activity found primarily in the hips, thighs and belly and it lies directly under the skin, it is considered as a bad fat because it is hard to loss. d) White visceral fat or Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) , it is considered as really really bad fat due to it’s deep hidden inside the body. It wraps around the inner organs. For this reason, it's very hard to remove surgically and incredibly dangerous. One reason excess visceral fat is so harmful is that its blood flow drains into the liver via the portal vein. In other words, all the toxins and fatty acids from visceral fat is swept up by the blood and dumped into the liver, negatively impacting the production of blood lipids (cholesterol). Research in the journal Diabetes also suggests that visceral fat pumps out immune system chemicals called cytokines that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by promoting insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Abdominal obesity is a state of chronic visceral inflammation. To make matters worse, since you can't see the build-up of fat like you can around your belly, many people with unhealthy habits who don't have a big gut don't really believe they are in danger.
The good news is you can reduce visceral fat with a healthy diet—and because of its rich blood flow, visceral fat is very responsive to exercise. In fact, this dangerous fat is far more willing to go away than stubborn subcutaneous fat. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been cross-sectionally associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer [2][3]and is correlated with smaller ectopic fat depots, including pericardial and periaortic fat, which surround the cardiovascular system and may exert local toxic effects[4]. These smaller ectopic fat depots have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and events.[5][6]
Excess stored body fat is responsible for many health issues[7]. Every Human being has familiar with the word health & it’s importance in his life. A good health & vitality is the key factor to enjoy during lifespan.To be more productive in work & life a good health is crucial.When we talk about miners it become more important to take care of their health due to their laborious nature of job, various job stresses, unfavourable working conditions, unavailability of nutrition at their surrounding etc. Before proceeding towards various terminology & finding of research we should be very clear about “what is health”. As per formal definition of health, Health is the ability of a biological system to acquire, convert , allocate, distribute and utilise the energy with maximum efficiency. Health has been conceptualised as the ability to adapt & self manage when individuals community face physical, mental and social challenges . The definition of health has evolved over time in keeping with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body’s ability to function, health was seen as a state of normal functioning that could be disrupted from time to time by diseases.The most widely accept health definition is given by World Health Organisation. The World Health Organisation defined human health in a broader sense in its 1948 constitution as a “State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity”[8].This definition covers all wide accept of health dimensions.
The body fat percentage is a measure of fitness level since it is the only body measurement which directly calculates a person's relative body composition without regard to height or weight. The widely used body mass index (BMI) provides a measure that allows the comparison of the adiposity of individuals of different heights and weights. While BMI largely increases as adiposity increases, due to differences in body composition, other indicators of body fat give more accurate results; for example, individuals with greater muscle mass or larger bones will have higher BMIs. As such, BMI is a useful indicator of overall fitness for a large group of people, but a poor tool for determining the health of an individual.[9]There is no perfect method has yet discovered which accurately gives the body fat percentage.Lots of methods are used to precisely determine the body fat percentage i.e Bioelectrical Impedenance analysis, artificial neural networks, from BMI, Ultrasound, height & circumference, rope & choke method, skinfold method etc.[25][26][27] but no methods can well predict the body fat percentage accurately.[10] Skinfold is being the more accurate way to measure body fat percentage test is proven in research.[27]
The body fat percentage is a measure of fitness level since it is the only body measurement which directly calculates a person's relative body composition without regard to height or weight. The widely used body mass index (BMI) provides a measure that allows the comparison of the adiposity of individuals of different heights and weights. While BMI largely increases as adiposity increases, due to differences in body composition, other indicators of body fat give more accurate results; for example, individuals with greater muscle mass or larger bones will have higher BMIs. As such, BMI is a useful indicator of overall fitness for a large group of people, but a poor tool for determining the health of an individual.[9]There is no perfect method has yet discovered which accurately gives the body fat percentage.Lots of methods are used to precisely determine the body fat percentage i.e Bioelectrical Impedenance analysis, artificial neural networks, from BMI, Ultrasound, height & circumference, rope & choke method, skinfold method etc.[25][26][27] but no methods can well predict the body fat percentage accurately.[10] Skinfold is being the more accurate way to measure body fat percentage test is proven in research.[27]
Epidemiologically, the percentage of body fat in an individual varies according to sex and age.[11] Various theoretical approaches exist on the relationships between body fat percentage, health, athletic capacity, etc. Different authorities have consequently developed different recommendations for ideal body fat percentages.Generally, the context in which individual life is of great importance for both his health status and quality of their life[12]. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.[13]
Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of healthcare knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy[14].More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following:-
1.Physical activities.
2.Nutrition intake.
1.Physical activities.
2.Nutrition intake.
3.Income and social status.
4.Social support networks.
6.Employment/working conditions.
8.Biology and genetics
10.Culture.
In mining field, the environment whether it is working environment[15] or living both have some unfavorable element to health i.e dust particles, smoke particulates etc. Except for these challenges, there is lots of job stresses& bodily pain (i.e joint pain, back pain, lower limb pain, angle pain)has been observed in underground mining employees.[16][17]
While facing it, it becomes more important to take care of our body more by feeding right nutrition, performing exercises, doing yoga & getting enough sleep to recover.The key wording here is “self-care” is a necessity to maintain a good health in mining areas.The first step to self-care is by providing education about health & creating its awareness amount miners. A health literacy is now a most demanding subject in order to maintain good health of underground miners. Health literacy was defined by the Institute of Medicine as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions”[18].The stored body fat percentage is can be reduced by proper exercise i.e aerobic, HIIT etc thus eliminating various diseases. Physical exercise enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It strengthens muscles and improves the cardiovascular system. Female and male adolescents with a higher body fat percentage presented lower cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance fitness than leaner counterparts.[19]
While facing it, it becomes more important to take care of our body more by feeding right nutrition, performing exercises, doing yoga & getting enough sleep to recover.The key wording here is “self-care” is a necessity to maintain a good health in mining areas.The first step to self-care is by providing education about health & creating its awareness amount miners. A health literacy is now a most demanding subject in order to maintain good health of underground miners. Health literacy was defined by the Institute of Medicine as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions”[18].The stored body fat percentage is can be reduced by proper exercise i.e aerobic, HIIT etc thus eliminating various diseases. Physical exercise enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It strengthens muscles and improves the cardiovascular system. Female and male adolescents with a higher body fat percentage presented lower cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance fitness than leaner counterparts.[19]
An important way to maintain your personal health is to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods that provide all necessary micro & macronutrients to your body. Such nutrients give you energy and keep your body running. Nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and also regulate body processes (i.e. blood pressure). The person should consume their meal according to food guide pyramid, which is a pyramid-shaped guide of healthy foods divided into sections. Each section shows the recommended intake for each food group (i.e. Protein, Fat, Carbohydrates, and Sugars). Making healthy food choices is important because it can lower your stored body fat, the risk of heart disease, developing some types of cancer, and it will contribute to maintaining a healthy weight.[20]
2. Materials and methods
2.1Participants
Forty mine workers have completed questionnaires during the pre-shift period on- site. The average age of workers was 44.8 years and they have been working in mining Industry (average) for 18.83 years.
2.1Participants
Forty mine workers have completed questionnaires during the pre-shift period on- site. The average age of workers was 44.8 years and they have been working in mining Industry (average) for 18.83 years.
2.2 Measures
2.2.1Demographics
Workers were asked to list their age, height, weight, medical problems, diet, physical activities and body fat percentage.
Workers were asked to list their age, height, weight, medical problems, diet, physical activities and body fat percentage.
2.2.2. Body fat percentage
The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass; body fat can be divided into two categories:-
a) Essential fat
b) Storage fat
Essential fat is necessary for normal, healthy functioning. It is stored in small amounts in your bone marrow, organs, central nervous system, and muscles. These organs cannot function correctly without a certain amount of essential fat.[21]In men, essential fat is approximately 3% of body weight. Women, however, have a higher percentage of essential fat about 12%. This is because their essential fat also includes some sex-specific fat found in the breasts, pelvis, hips, and thigh. This sex-specific fat is believed to be critical for normal reproductive function.[22]
The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass; body fat can be divided into two categories:-
a) Essential fat
b) Storage fat
Essential fat is necessary for normal, healthy functioning. It is stored in small amounts in your bone marrow, organs, central nervous system, and muscles. These organs cannot function correctly without a certain amount of essential fat.[21]In men, essential fat is approximately 3% of body weight. Women, however, have a higher percentage of essential fat about 12%. This is because their essential fat also includes some sex-specific fat found in the breasts, pelvis, hips, and thigh. This sex-specific fat is believed to be critical for normal reproductive function.[22]
Storage fat is the other type of fat. This is the fat which is accumulating beneath our skin, in certain specific areas inside our body.[23] It also includes the deep fat that protects our internal organs from injury. Men and women have the similar type of storage fat.It is desirable to have some stored fat due to the protective role it plays in our body. However, most storage fats considered to be “expendable”. The storage fat increases when we gain weight. It is the same fat that we want to lose when our aim is to lose weight. Bottom line too much or too little storage fat is unhealthy.
The following is the guideline for how much body fat given by American Council on Exercise (ACE), is a good amount to have a general overview.[24]
The following is the guideline for how much body fat given by American Council on Exercise (ACE), is a good amount to have a general overview.[24]
|
|
WOMEN
|
MEN
|
|
Essential fat
|
10-12%
|
2-4%
|
|
Athletes
|
14-20 %
|
6-13%
|
|
Fitness
|
21-24%
|
14-17%
|
|
Acceptable
|
25-31%
|
18-25%
|
|
Obese
|
32%plus
|
26%plus
|
Table1 by:-American Council on Exercise (ACE)
The method which we are going to use in this is known as “Skinfold test” as this method is being known best and easy method to determine the body fat percentage. In this method, a pinch of skin is precisely measured by calipers at standardized points on the body to determine the body fat layer thickness. It is also known as pinch test. It should be measured very precisely by the same person with fixed pressure to get the accurate reading of body fat percentage.The several measurements are taken to accurately obtain the body fat percentage, it should be at least three and almost seven for proper observations. Skinfold-based body fat estimation is sensitive to the design and the type of calipers used. We are using “Personal” body fat tester kit which has a caliper, an instruction chart, and a fat measuring chart.
Image of Personal body fat caliper.
Image of Personal body fat caliper.
Table 2:- body fat interpretation chart of personal body fat tester kit.
2.2.3 Body mass index (BMI)
Body mass index was formulated and invented by a Belgian mathematician, Adolphe Quetelet born in 1796.BMI (kilogram per square meter) was classified using the current Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standard definition.[29]
Body mass index was formulated and invented by a Belgian mathematician, Adolphe Quetelet born in 1796.BMI (kilogram per square meter) was classified using the current Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standard definition.[29]
|
RANGE /STATUS
|
FROM
|
TO
|
|
UNDERWEIGHT
|
|
<18.5kg/m2
|
|
NORMAL
|
18.5 kg/m2
|
24.9kg/m2
|
|
OVERWEIGHT
|
25 kg/m2
|
29.9kg/m2
|
|
OBESE
|
30 kg/m2PLUS
|
|
Table 3 :- BMI chart
2.2.3 Lifestyle Behaviors
Due to challenges in miners lifestyle over a 24/7 workforce, it becomes hard to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Thus a range of questions was included to address issues such as shift timing, physical activity (cardio, weight training, yoga, morning walk, outdoor games etc), body mass index (BMI), macro and micronutrients intake and medical history.
2.2.4 Procedure
Study and survey work is carried out in bagdewa underground coal mines, Korba, Chhattisgarh where a group of 40 underground coal miners has participated in the questionnaire & body fat percentage test. A body fat percentage test is done by personal body fat caliper kit. Personal body fat caliper is easy to use with superior accuracy and reliability.Since most fat on the body is located directly under the skin, a very efficient ad the practical way to measure your body fat percentage is through skinfold measurement, the scientific approach to the time-honored “pinch an inch” method.
Study and survey work is carried out in bagdewa underground coal mines, Korba, Chhattisgarh where a group of 40 underground coal miners has participated in the questionnaire & body fat percentage test. A body fat percentage test is done by personal body fat caliper kit. Personal body fat caliper is easy to use with superior accuracy and reliability.Since most fat on the body is located directly under the skin, a very efficient ad the practical way to measure your body fat percentage is through skinfold measurement, the scientific approach to the time-honored “pinch an inch” method.
step 1:- The site you will use for your skinfold measurement is the suprailiac, approximately one inch above the right hip bone.(see figure1)
step 2:- while standing, firmly pinch the suprailiac skinfold between your left thumb and forefinger (see figure 2 and 3).place the jaws of the personal body fattest over the skin fold while continuing to hold the skin fold while continuing to hold the skin fold with the left hand (see figure 4)
step 3:- Press with the thumb where indicated on the personal body
fat tester (see figure 5). Note where the sliding arrow points on the gauge. Repeat three times, and use the average as your body fat measurement. Refer to the body fat interpretation chart to determine your body fat percentage and what it means.
fat tester (see figure 5). Note where the sliding arrow points on the gauge. Repeat three times, and use the average as your body fat measurement. Refer to the body fat interpretation chart to determine your body fat percentage and what it means.
3.RESULTS
3.1 Stored body fat among underground miners
After examining forty underground miners during questionnaire and body fat percentage test the finding are stupefying and disquieting.There is only one person in result fall under the fit category given by American Council on Exercise (ACE).[17]
After examining forty underground miners during questionnaire and body fat percentage test the finding are stupefying and disquieting.There is only one person in result fall under the fit category given by American Council on Exercise (ACE).[17]
The average body fat percentage of participants is being 26.865 which fall’s under obese category. The percentage of underground miners which comes under fitness category of body fat percentage is being only 2.5 % of the total participants thus the underground coal miners health are not congenial, they may not be considered as a fit person as the percentage of fit miners is too low in finding. Thirteen underground miners which are 32.5 % of participants fall under the acceptable range of body fat percentage test.The obese category of underground miners is dominated the survey by acquiring 65.5 % participants, this is very atrocious and odious situation in the underground mine.Regards to the nature of mining job a fit and vigorous person can be the most productive and gratifying to the company.High body fat percentage is the enticement to diseases like obesity, diabetes, high bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, kidney diseases, some types of cancers etc.
|
Variables/S.no
|
Age
|
Body fat %
|
BMI
|
Weight
|
Daily Protein
Intake |
Daily Carbs
intake |
Daily Fats
intake |
Weight training
|
Cardio
|
walk
|
ALCOHOL
|
Tabacco
|
|
1
|
46
|
35.1
|
33.459
|
83
|
52
|
200
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
2
|
38
|
29
|
36.16
|
84.9
|
48
|
380
|
25
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
|
3
|
52
|
22.5
|
25.276
|
71
|
60
|
273
|
35
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
4
|
54
|
28.6
|
19.72
|
55
|
48
|
390
|
18
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
|
5
|
40
|
26
|
22.128
|
66
|
62
|
320
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
NO
|
|
6
|
37
|
17
|
18
|
64
|
68
|
240
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
7
|
58
|
34.6
|
28.37
|
82.8
|
70
|
440
|
46
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
8
|
40
|
31.1
|
23.65
|
65
|
62
|
480
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
9
|
58
|
27
|
19.446
|
58.2
|
40
|
208
|
21
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
10
|
56
|
18.3
|
19.477
|
45
|
45
|
210
|
24
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
|
11
|
58
|
36
|
32.29
|
75
|
49
|
190
|
26
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
12
|
46
|
20.5
|
22.011
|
60.4
|
25
|
180
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
13
|
43
|
31
|
28.076
|
60
|
62
|
360
|
32
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
14
|
42
|
26.6
|
21.87
|
58
|
84
|
495
|
45
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
NO
|
|
15
|
37
|
28.1
|
25.711
|
70.5
|
74
|
310
|
28
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
16
|
52
|
32.2
|
29.343
|
80.3
|
58
|
442
|
18
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
17
|
41
|
30.1
|
30.359
|
72
|
52
|
332
|
32
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
18
|
32
|
27.5
|
21.79
|
65
|
48
|
320
|
21
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
|
19
|
42
|
20.8
|
18.512
|
52.4
|
40
|
240
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
20
|
34
|
26
|
23.48
|
65
|
42
|
340
|
28
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
21
|
31
|
20
|
20.173
|
55.3
|
62
|
270
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
22
|
33
|
20
|
18.645
|
54.8
|
76
|
268
|
25
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
23
|
35
|
21
|
20.77
|
55
|
69
|
400
|
28
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
|
24
|
49
|
31.8
|
23.846
|
65.7
|
82
|
337
|
24
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
25
|
38
|
29
|
24.14
|
72
|
60
|
250
|
20
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
26
|
56
|
37.6
|
29.92
|
84
|
69
|
210
|
35
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
27
|
51
|
31.8
|
23.23
|
68.2
|
60
|
420
|
40
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
28
|
45
|
20
|
22.9
|
60.7
|
69
|
380
|
25
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
29
|
33
|
22.6
|
25.28
|
73
|
50
|
429
|
32
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
|
30
|
38
|
25
|
27.53
|
79
|
60
|
329
|
30
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
31
|
46
|
29.3
|
33.359
|
89.2
|
120
|
450
|
49
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
|
32
|
41
|
32
|
31.25
|
86
|
82
|
460
|
32
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
33
|
53
|
32.5
|
32.25
|
85
|
85
|
480
|
37
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
NO
|
|
34
|
43
|
26.3
|
25.89
|
72.1
|
69
|
390
|
25
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
35
|
32
|
25.1
|
21.08
|
69.6
|
90
|
300
|
30
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
36
|
56
|
29
|
36.27
|
81.2
|
46
|
460
|
29
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
37
|
47
|
26
|
30.88
|
80
|
63
|
450
|
23
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
|
38
|
49
|
23.5
|
27.89
|
73.7
|
56
|
380
|
30
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
YES
|
YES
|
|
39
|
52
|
23.5
|
26.72
|
76
|
52
|
430
|
32
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
YES
|
|
40
|
58
|
20.6
|
23.12
|
69.8
|
72
|
360
|
36
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
NO
|
Table 3 :- Questionnaire and body fat percentage test results.
3.2 BMI of underground miners
BMI(Quetelet Index) is a function of weight and height of a particular individual. It quantity the amount of tissues mass (muscles, bone, and fat) in a person than categorize that person as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese based on the value.Through our finding in research work, there is only one person(2.5 % of total participants) is found underweight, this is a good Indication but 22.5 % of underground miners have fallen under the obese category which is a dreadful result as obesity is a prime indicator of high stored body fat percentage.Overweight Person becomes insulin resistant due to the change in its cells which eventually results in hindering the process of transformation of blood sugar to cells where it is used for energy.Obesity affects the body’s ability to produce insulin, this is caused by stress on the insulin-producing pancreatic islet (beta cells )and excess fat directly damaging these islet cells.Thirty percentage of underground miners are overweight which is also an unfavorable condition as it is more likely they will fall in obese category in future if they do not change their lifestyle.Having a larger body size may increase blood pressure because your heart needs to pump extra harder to supply blood to all your cells. The normal weight is acquired by 45 % of participants which is quite satisfactory but they also have an increased body fat percentage as obtained through individual body fat percentage test.
3.3 Nutrition Intake
Nutrition is the key to great health. Our system just behaves same as we feed it.The human body needs all macro and micro nutrition in an adequate amount which may vary person to person. The underground miners involve in strenuous work during their shift, thus a body needs enough fuel to keep running the human system in an efficient & productive way. The human being required at least 25% to 30 % of the protein of their daily calories intake to support their muscles maintenance. The average protein consumption of underground miners(participants) is 60.75 grams per day only which is just a 12.15 % of a. healthy adult diet (approx. 2000 calories a day).Each and every cell of human body contain protein, and because Protein makes up muscles, immune molecules, blood cells, hormones and enzymes, the body needs it every day and does not store it, you need adequate amounts of protein in your daily diet to remain healthy.When human body does not receive an adequate amount of protein daily it breaks down its muscles tissue to fulfill its need.Muscles burn about 95 % of all our calories and are the only tissue in our body that can burn fat.Losing just a little muscle mass reduces metabolic rate as muscles are the most metabolically active tissue in the body with a general thumb rule a pound (0.453.6 grams) of muscles burns between 35 and 75 calories per day just for maintenance(depending on its level of aerobic conditioning).When the body lacks adequate protein it can have a hard time absorbing many essential micronutrients I.e iron, zinc, calcium, folate, B12 etc.
CHART 1 :- comparison between consumed percentage vs required percentage of macro nutrients.
The average carbohydrate consumption of underground miners is 345.075 grams per day which give them 1380.3 calories which is a 69.015 % of a healthy adult diet (approx. 2000 calories a day).The miners a consuming more carbohydrate than their body required. Eating excess of carbohydrate can result in conversation into stored body fat.A large meal of carbohydrate can raise the blood serum or blood glucose level and cope up with this high blood sugar body releases insulin by the pancreas.Insulin is a hormone which takes up the blood glucose to the muscles, cells where it required and convert rest of all extra blood glucose into stored body fat in a fat cell of a body for future use.This high blood sugar is a major cause of diabetes, heart diseases, kidney disease, stroke, obesity, high blood pressure.
The average fat consumption of underground miners is only 28.025 grams per day which 12.611 % of a healthy adult diet (approx.2000 calories a day).Miners are consuming very fewer fats which are unhealthy because fats are important for physiological functions.Miners are consuming fat more from dairy products, cooking oils, poultry and meat. More fat is coming from saturated fats which are good when consumed in little amount as it helps to boost immune system and good for hormonal functioning but excess of saturated fat (i.e ghee, butter etc)consumption is not healthy as consuming it more can increase cholesterol LDL (a bad cholesterol) which may cause diseases i.e heart diseases, strokes etc.Majority of miners are not consuming fats from unsaturated FATS category (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats) which are rich in essential fats i.e omega 3, omega 6 etc which helps to burn fat and increase a good cholesterol level (HDL).
3.4 Exercises
After nutrition exercise is the second most important element to reduce the stored body fat. Here in survey exercise is classified in three category weight training(gymming), cardiovascular exercise and morning walk. The result of survey work is outrageous and disgraceful as no underground miner is involved in weight training and cardiovascular exercises whereas the company has the gym in the colony.Muscles act like a furnace to the stored body fat, more muscles you have more stored body fat you burn.A low intensity aerobic (cardiovascular exercise ) helps to burn fat more efficiently. A 22.5 % of participants go to walk, the survey reveals an interesting fact that the participants which have high blood pressure are only going for the walk as it is prescribed by doctors to them.Thus a little to no physical exercise except their routine work resulting in a high percentage of stored body fats.
3.6 Alcohol consumption.
In mining culture alcohol becomes a well-established part, it is something which is the very important thing almost as breathing and eating among underground miners. Average of participants which consume alcohol on daily basis is 57.5 %.Miner thinks alcohol as a feel-good drug and stress reliever medicine.Unlike macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, alcohol supplies 7 calories each gram but these calories are considered as empty calories: calories without nutrition. Alcohol is the first fuel to be used when combined with carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, postponing the fat-burning process and contributing to greater fat storage. It must also be remembered that the calories in alcohol lack the nutrients beneficial for a healthy metabolism and will, therefore, hasten fat storage. Alcohol is a by-product of yeast digestion, it can have an irritating effect on the lining of the stomach and gradually weaken the kidneys and liver, leading to serious health problems, even death in certain instances. The liver which is a vital organ of human body and which processes toxins and breaks down fats for fuel due to the presence of alcohol it detoxification process slows down rapidly. Any weakening of the stomach will lessen the rate and efficiency at which food is digested, which ultimately interferes with a healthy metabolism and the weight loss processes resulting in high percentage of stored body fat.
In mining culture alcohol becomes a well-established part, it is something which is the very important thing almost as breathing and eating among underground miners. Average of participants which consume alcohol on daily basis is 57.5 %.Miner thinks alcohol as a feel-good drug and stress reliever medicine.Unlike macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, alcohol supplies 7 calories each gram but these calories are considered as empty calories: calories without nutrition. Alcohol is the first fuel to be used when combined with carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, postponing the fat-burning process and contributing to greater fat storage. It must also be remembered that the calories in alcohol lack the nutrients beneficial for a healthy metabolism and will, therefore, hasten fat storage. Alcohol is a by-product of yeast digestion, it can have an irritating effect on the lining of the stomach and gradually weaken the kidneys and liver, leading to serious health problems, even death in certain instances. The liver which is a vital organ of human body and which processes toxins and breaks down fats for fuel due to the presence of alcohol it detoxification process slows down rapidly. Any weakening of the stomach will lessen the rate and efficiency at which food is digested, which ultimately interferes with a healthy metabolism and the weight loss processes resulting in high percentage of stored body fat.
3.3 Underground miners are further classified on the basis of their age at an interval of 5 years period. Thus a six group is formed accordingly.
Figure 6. Distribution of age group
Figure 6. Distribution of age group
As while classifying according to the age group at age of interval five, we find that as the age increases there is increases in body fat percentage is observed.The reason for the increase body fat percentage is may be due to the lack of growth hormone. The growth hormone primary function is to burn fat, but its production starts decreasing as the age increases after adulthood.Every miner eats a large amount of carbohydrate meal at night or before sleep, this high carbohydrate meal increases the blood sugar level and to lower it down body releases insulin, insulin take up the blood sugar to different cells and store excess of blood sugar in the form of stored fat in the fat cells.Whenever there is insulin is present in the body it decreases the effect and production of fat burning hormone i.e growth hormone, glucagon etc.
Conclusion
The physiological and psychological well being of the workforce is an important indicator of a healthy organization.[40]The the aim of this paper to examine the percentage of stored body fat in underground miners and its relative impact on their health in Indian underground mines.Literature available on coal miners health has its main concerned about respiratory disease.We found that we have to look from all angle to track the miners' health i.e physical health, daily nutrition intake, lifestyle etc.
Research is focused on stored body fat because this is one of the vital element of today’s modern world which has a potential to destroy one’s health and fitness standards. Research and Internet are filled with all the antipathetic information about excess stored body fat. The range described by American Council on Exercise (ACE) for fitness criteria is 14 -17 % body fat which is only met by 2.5 % of participants. The acceptable range of body fat is reached by 32.5 % of participants and the survey was dominated by the obese range of body fat percentage with 65.5 % of participants. As described High body fat percentage is the enticement to diseases like obesity, diabetes, high bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, kidney diseases, some types of cancers etc which are life-threatening diseases, the miners should take care of their health by changing their lifestyle, daily diet, doing required exercise to meet up the fitness range of body fat. As observed in survey majority of the miners only take two large meal a day which includes a large carbohydrate of the high glycemic index, low protein, low healthy fat containing meal which is disturbing the hormones such as insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, testosterone etc.Whenever the large carbohydrate meal is consumed these carbohydrates are broken down in the smallest form (which is a simple sugar) and absorbed into the blood. As soon as the glucose enters the bloodstream through the intestines the serum glucose or blood sugar will rise and results in hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemia will continue to increase after every meal if the body doesn’t do something to bring the serum glucose or blood sugar levels down again. Thus hyperglycemia results after every carbohydrate-containing meal, directly related to the available carbohydrates in that meal. The body responds to this change in serum glucose by exerting a hormone known as insulin into the bloodstream.The main function is to utilize the available glucose, it helps the body to store energy in the form of fat for later if needed.But this function of insulin may have negative effects if too much insulin is available to the body then too much fat will be stored.The second most dramatic result of observation is that consuming only two large meal will put a body in “starvation mode” it is the human body responds to the calorie restriction for too long time.It involves the body responding to reduced calorie intake by reducing calorie expenditure in an attempt to maintain energy balance and prevent starvation.The body tries to store most of the energy in the form of fat for survival from the large meal consumed resulting in the increase body fat percentage.
The lack of weight training or resistance training is imparting less calorie burning and thus daily add up to get the store in the form of fats.
The physiological and psychological well being of the workforce is an important indicator of a healthy organization.[40]The the aim of this paper to examine the percentage of stored body fat in underground miners and its relative impact on their health in Indian underground mines.Literature available on coal miners health has its main concerned about respiratory disease.We found that we have to look from all angle to track the miners' health i.e physical health, daily nutrition intake, lifestyle etc.
Research is focused on stored body fat because this is one of the vital element of today’s modern world which has a potential to destroy one’s health and fitness standards. Research and Internet are filled with all the antipathetic information about excess stored body fat. The range described by American Council on Exercise (ACE) for fitness criteria is 14 -17 % body fat which is only met by 2.5 % of participants. The acceptable range of body fat is reached by 32.5 % of participants and the survey was dominated by the obese range of body fat percentage with 65.5 % of participants. As described High body fat percentage is the enticement to diseases like obesity, diabetes, high bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, kidney diseases, some types of cancers etc which are life-threatening diseases, the miners should take care of their health by changing their lifestyle, daily diet, doing required exercise to meet up the fitness range of body fat. As observed in survey majority of the miners only take two large meal a day which includes a large carbohydrate of the high glycemic index, low protein, low healthy fat containing meal which is disturbing the hormones such as insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, testosterone etc.Whenever the large carbohydrate meal is consumed these carbohydrates are broken down in the smallest form (which is a simple sugar) and absorbed into the blood. As soon as the glucose enters the bloodstream through the intestines the serum glucose or blood sugar will rise and results in hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemia will continue to increase after every meal if the body doesn’t do something to bring the serum glucose or blood sugar levels down again. Thus hyperglycemia results after every carbohydrate-containing meal, directly related to the available carbohydrates in that meal. The body responds to this change in serum glucose by exerting a hormone known as insulin into the bloodstream.The main function is to utilize the available glucose, it helps the body to store energy in the form of fat for later if needed.But this function of insulin may have negative effects if too much insulin is available to the body then too much fat will be stored.The second most dramatic result of observation is that consuming only two large meal will put a body in “starvation mode” it is the human body responds to the calorie restriction for too long time.It involves the body responding to reduced calorie intake by reducing calorie expenditure in an attempt to maintain energy balance and prevent starvation.The body tries to store most of the energy in the form of fat for survival from the large meal consumed resulting in the increase body fat percentage.
The lack of weight training or resistance training is imparting less calorie burning and thus daily add up to get the store in the form of fats.
The prevalence of store body fat and it’s effect among underground coal miners is substantial, indicating a need for health awareness in regard with diet and exercise is a must thing to do in order to make miners fit and healthy.
Acknowledgments
I Would like to thanks Mr. R. L Sinha (manager of a bagdewa underground colliery, SECL, Korba (c.g)) and the miners who participated.
Acknowledgments
I Would like to thanks Mr. R. L Sinha (manager of a bagdewa underground colliery, SECL, Korba (c.g)) and the miners who participated.
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